Site investigation basics: How can the depth of the local ground water table be ascertained quickly on site?

Introduction / Context:
The groundwater table (GWT) affects excavation stability, dewatering needs, foundation type, and damp-proofing. A quick reconnaissance method is useful before detailed geotechnical testing or piezometer installation.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• There is access to a nearby open well or observation well tapping the same aquifer.
• Static conditions (no recent heavy pumping nearby).
• Simple site tools (measuring tape, chalked line, or electronic water level indicator) are available.

Concept / Approach:
Measuring the water depth in a local well provides an approximate GWT elevation relative to ground level. While seasonal variation and drawdown effects must be considered, it is a practical first estimate superior to visual guesses. Professional investigations later refine this using bore logs and piezometers.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Locate an accessible well near the site that is hydraulically representative.Measure the distance from top of well (or ground reference) down to water surface using a measuring line or water level.Record ground offset to convert to depth below ground level at the site.Account for seasonal/diurnal fluctuations and nearby pumping if necessary.

Verification / Alternative check:
Cross-check with borehole logs, piezometer readings, or municipal hydrographs for the area to confirm seasonal norms.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Looking/standing: Offers no quantitative depth.Guessing from vegetation: Indicative but unreliable and non-quantitative.None: Incorrect because a straightforward measurement method exists.

Common Pitfalls:
Ignoring differences in well head elevation; assuming a single well reflects regional GWT without accounting for local influences.

Final Answer:
By measuring the depth of water in a nearby observation or open well.