Which of the following was a Cuban revolutionary and political leader who served as the long-time head of state of Cuba?

Introduction / Context:
Modern world history features many prominent leaders associated with revolutions and ideological regimes. Cuba is especially famous for its communist revolution in the 1950s. This question checks whether you can correctly identify the Cuban revolutionary who became the long-time head of state, distinguishing him from unrelated literary and political figures from other countries.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The leader was Cuban.
• He was a revolutionary and a political leader.
• He served as the long-time head of state of Cuba.
• We need to pick his name from among five options.

Concept / Approach:
The key concept is simple: connect the country (Cuba) and the term “revolutionary leader” with the correct historical figure. Fidel Castro led the Cuban Revolution that overthrew Fulgencio Batista and subsequently became Prime Minister and later President of Cuba. Other names listed either belong to totally different fields (printing, publishing, writing) or to leaders of other countries, so they must be eliminated by careful reading.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Link the words “Cuban revolutionary” with the name Fidel Castro, a central figure in 20th-century history. Step 2: Recall that Fidel Castro established a socialist state in Cuba and remained in power for several decades. Step 3: Examine each option. William Caxton and Edward Cave are associated with early printing and publishing in England, not Cuban politics. Step 4: Barbara Cartland is known as a romantic novelist, clearly unrelated to Cuban revolutionary politics. Step 5: Salvador Allende was a Chilean leader, not Cuban. Only Fidel Castro fits all conditions, so choose him.

Verification / Alternative check:
A quick mental check is to recall images or news references: any mention of Cuba’s communist regime, the Bay of Pigs invasion or the Cuban Missile Crisis almost always includes Fidel Castro. His long beard, military fatigues and speeches are iconic. None of the other names evokes Cuba or Marxist revolution, which confirms the choice.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
William Caxton: Introduced the printing press to England; not a Cuban leader.
Barbara Cartland: Popular British romantic novelist, unrelated to politics in Cuba.
Edward Cave: An English printer and publisher associated with early magazines, not with revolutions.
Salvador Allende: A socialist President of Chile, not Cuba, and associated with different historical events.

Common Pitfalls:
Sometimes candidates pick the only vaguely political-sounding foreign name without checking nationality. Another error is confusing Latin American leaders from different countries because their names can sound similar. Always tie each leader to a specific country and major event: Fidel Castro to Cuba and the Cuban Revolution, Allende to Chile, etc. This habit greatly reduces mistakes in world-affairs MCQs.

Final Answer:
The Cuban revolutionary and political leader described in the question is Fidel Castro.