Profit and Loss — If the cost price of 23 toys equals the selling price of 20 toys, find the overall gain or loss percentage.

Introduction / Context: Equal-value relations across different counts enable direct computation of the SP/CP ratio per unit, from which profit or loss% follows straightforwardly.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• 23 * CP_unit = 20 * SP_unit

Concept / Approach: SP_unit / CP_unit = 23/20 = 1.15 ⇒ SP is 15% higher than CP ⇒ profit = 15%.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check: Take CP_unit = ₹ 100 ⇒ 23 toys cost ₹ 2300. If SP_unit = ₹ 115 ⇒ 20 toys sell for ₹ 2300. Ratio holds, profit% = 15%.

Why Other Options Are Wrong: 12%, 12.5%, 14%, and 10% fail to match the exact ratio 23/20 = 1.15.

Common Pitfalls: Using (23 − 20) as a percent directly without relating it to the correct base (CP).

Final Answer: 15%