A country has a President as its constitutional head. In the same political analogy, a state (within a country) has which position as its constitutional head?

Introduction / Context:
This analogy question comes from basic civics and political structure. It refers to the relationship between levels of government and their constitutional heads. The first pair Country : President indicates that the President is the ceremonial or constitutional head of a country in many republics, including India. The second pair State : ? asks for the role that similarly serves as the constitutional head of a state within that country. Understanding the difference between head of state and head of government is helpful for solving this item correctly.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• A country in a republic like India has a President as the head of state.
• The President represents the country and performs constitutional duties.
• A state is a sub unit within the country, such as a state in the Indian Union.
• The options are Governor, Speaker, Prime Minister, and Chief Minister.
• We assume the context of a federal system similar to India, where states also have constitutional heads.

Concept / Approach:
The relation in the first pair is level of political unit to its constitutional head position. In India, the President is the constitutional head at the national level, while the Prime Minister is the head of government. At the state level, the Governor is the constitutional head of the state, while the Chief Minister is the head of the elected council of ministers. Therefore, to match the pattern Country : President, the correct parallel for State is Governor, not Chief Minister or any other position.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Identify the relationship in the first pair as unit of government to constitutional head. Step 2: Recognise that the President is the head of state at the national level. Step 3: Consider the equivalent at the state level in a federal system like India. Step 4: Recall that the Governor is appointed as the constitutional head of each state. Step 5: Check the options: Speaker presides over the legislative assembly, Prime Minister leads the national government, and Chief Minister leads the state government. Step 6: Select Governor since it parallels President as a constitutional head rather than a head of government.

Verification / Alternative check:
To verify, think about how key posts are described in civics textbooks. At the national level, the President is the head of state and the Prime Minister is the head of government. At the state level, the Governor is the head of state (for that state) and the Chief Minister is the head of the state government. The Speaker is limited to presiding over the legislature and does not act as the constitutional head. Therefore the direct mapping is Country : President :: State : Governor. This mapping remains correct across many questions that test knowledge of the Indian federal structure.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Speaker: The Speaker is the presiding officer of the legislative assembly or parliament and does not serve as the constitutional head of the state. Prime Minister: The Prime Minister is the head of government at the national level, not the constitutional head of a country. The question pairs President with country, not Prime Minister. Chief Minister: The Chief Minister is the head of government at the state level, not the constitutional head. The analogy seeks the position that plays a similar role to President, which is the Governor.

Common Pitfalls:
A common mistake is to mix up head of government with head of state. Many students select Chief Minister because they know the Chief Minister looks after day to day governance. However, the question s first pair uses President, who is a head of state with mainly constitutional and ceremonial powers. The matching role at the state level is Governor. Always pay close attention to whether a post is ceremonial and constitutional or executive and governmental when solving civics analogies.

Final Answer:
A country has a President as its constitutional head, and a state similarly has a Governor as its constitutional head, so Governor is the correct answer.