In the following sentence, choose the most appropriate noun to complete the sentence: “We must join hands and stop corruption which is posing ______ in the development of India.”

Introduction / Context:
This question tests vocabulary and word choice in a sentence about social and national development. The verb “posing” is often followed by a noun that expresses a difficulty, danger, or problem. The sentence talks about corruption affecting the development of India, so we must choose the noun that correctly describes what corruption is causing in that development.

Given Data / Assumptions:
The sentence is: “We must join hands and stop corruption which is posing ______ in the development of India.”
The options are “tolerance,” “radiance,” “hindrance,” and “relevance.”
The topic is clearly negative: corruption harms or obstructs progress.
We assume standard usage as in competitive exams where collocations like “pose a threat,” “pose a danger,” or “pose a hindrance” are tested.

Concept / Approach:
The noun “hindrance” means an obstruction, obstacle, or something that slows down or prevents progress. This fits perfectly with the idea that corruption blocks the development of a country. The phrase “pose a hindrance” is also a natural collocation. The other options are either positive words or unrelated in meaning. “Tolerance” is generally positive, “radiance” refers to brightness or glow, and “relevance” deals with being related to a topic. None of these represent a negative obstacle. Therefore, “hindrance” is the only option that matches both meaning and usage.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Identify the key verb phrase “is posing,” which hints that the following noun should indicate a problem or obstacle. Step 2: Consider the context: corruption and development of India. Logically, corruption slows or blocks development. Step 3: Match each option with this idea. “Hindrance” directly means obstacle, which fits perfectly. Step 4: Check whether the collocation “pose a hindrance” is acceptable in English; it is natural and commonly used. Step 5: Reject other options that do not present a negative or obstructive sense.

Verification / Alternative check:
We can test each option in the sentence. “Posing tolerance” sounds incorrect because tolerance is positive and not something that corruption normally creates in development. “Posing radiance” does not make sense because radiance is associated with light or beauty. “Posing relevance” is also unnatural, since relevance is not something usually “posed” by corruption. “Posing hindrance,” however, clearly communicates that corruption is creating obstacles to India's development. This confirms that “hindrance” is the correct option.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
“tolerance” suggests acceptance or patience, which does not fit the negative effect of corruption on development.
“radiance” refers to light or brightness and has nothing to do with the negative impact described here.
“relevance” expresses the quality of being related or important to a subject, which does not logically follow the verb “posing” in this context.

Common Pitfalls:
Some learners may choose a word simply because it sounds formal or because they have seen it in other sentences. It is important to connect meaning, context, and collocation. Another pitfall is not paying attention to the negative context surrounding “corruption.” Whenever you see a verb like “pose” with a negative subject like “corruption,” think of negative nouns such as “threat,” “danger,” or “hindrance.”

Final Answer:
The correct noun is hindrance, so the full sentence is: “We must join hands and stop corruption which is posing hindrance in the development of India.”