Hexadecimal to binary conversion Convert the hexadecimal number C9₁₆ to binary.

Introduction / Context:
Each hex digit expands to a 4-bit binary nibble. Converting hex to binary is a direct digit-by-digit mapping exercise.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Hex number: C9₁₆.
• Mappings: C→1100, 9→1001.

Concept / Approach:
Replace each hex digit with its 4-bit binary equivalent and concatenate in order (most significant digit first).

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Convert back to hex by grouping binary 11001001₂ into nibbles → 1100 (C), 1001 (9).

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• 10111001₂ / 10111011₂ / 10011100₂: Do not map to C9 when regrouped into 4-bit nibbles.

Common Pitfalls:
Reversing nibble order or misreading 9 as 1001 vs 0110 (6).

Final Answer:
11001001₂