Engine components — connecting rod cross-section In reciprocating internal combustion engines, connecting rods are generally manufactured with an I-shaped cross-section because it provides a high stiffness-to-weight ratio. Which letter best describes this typical section?

Introduction / Context:
The connecting rod is a highly stressed component transmitting gas and inertia forces between the piston and the crankshaft. Its cross-sectional geometry must resist bending and buckling while remaining as light as possible to reduce reciprocating mass.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Static and dynamic loads act alternately in tension and compression over each cycle.
• Design objective: high bending stiffness with minimum weight.
• Manufacturing methods include forging or powdered metal, often followed by machining.

Concept / Approach:
An I-shaped section concentrates material away from the neutral axis, maximizing second moment of area for a given mass. This enhances resistance to bending and column-type instability, particularly important along the rod shank where compressive loads can cause buckling.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify required property: high stiffness-to-weight ratio.Compare candidate sections: I-section has flanges and a web that place material efficiently.Industry practice confirms I-section for most steel connecting rods.Select the I-shaped cross-section.

Verification / Alternative check:
Finite element and classical beam theory both show I-sections yield higher second moment of area than compact shapes of the same mass.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
C, L, H, or T shapes do not provide the same efficiency for the loading path and may introduce asymmetry or excess mass for equivalent stiffness.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming solid rectangular sections are stronger; they are heavier for the same stiffness and increase reciprocating mass, harming engine balance.

Final Answer:
I