A basic personal computer system consists of several main hardware components. Which of the following list correctly represents parts that together form a computer system?

Introduction / Context:
When people say computer, they often think of the box under the desk or the laptop on the table. In fact, a computer system is made up of several different pieces of hardware working together. This question asks which components are part of a basic computer system. Knowing these core parts helps you understand what is inside a computer and how it works at a simple hardware level.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The components listed are motherboard, hard disk drive, central processing unit (CPU) and monitor.
• The question refers to a typical desktop or laptop computer.
• We are interested in main hardware components, not accessories like printers.
• The answer choices include an all of the above option.

Concept / Approach:
A computer system is a combination of input, processing, storage and output components. The motherboard is the main circuit board that holds the CPU, memory and connectors. The CPU performs most of the calculations and decision making. The hard disk drive or another storage device holds programs and data long term. The monitor displays output to the user. Together with other parts like keyboard and mouse, these components form a complete computer system. Therefore, selecting all of the given hardware items is appropriate.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Any basic hardware diagram in an introductory computer textbook shows a central processing unit connected to memory and storage on a motherboard, with a monitor for output and keyboard and mouse for input. When purchasing or assembling a desktop, you must include a motherboard, a processor, storage and a display at minimum. None of the items listed are external to the idea of a computer system; they are central. This confirms that all of the listed components are indeed parts of a computer system and that the all of the above option is correct.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Motherboard (by itself): Important but cannot form a functioning computer system without storage, CPU and display.
• Hard disk drive (by itself): Provides storage only; without a CPU, it cannot process data.
• Central processing unit (CPU) (by itself): The processing unit alone cannot accept input or show output without supporting hardware.
• Monitor (by itself): An output device; it cannot process or store data without the rest of the system.

Common Pitfalls:
Some learners think of the CPU cabinet or box as a single thing and forget that it contains several separate components. Others may confuse a single part such as the CPU with the whole computer. It is helpful to remember that a working computer needs a place to process (CPU), a place to store (hard disk and memory), a place to connect things (motherboard) and a way to communicate with the user (monitor and other peripherals). When a question lists several essential parts and includes an all of the above option, check whether each item truly belongs to the system before selecting that choice.

Final Answer:
A basic computer system consists of all the listed hardware components, so the correct choice is All of the above.