Which company manufactures the Vande Bharat train in India?

### Concept & Fact The Vande Bharat Express (Train 18) is an Indian semi-high-speed, intercity, electric multiple-unit train. It is a flagship product of the "Make in India" initiative. ### Step-by-Step Solution * **Design & Development:** Train 18 was designed and built in a record time of 18 months. * **Manufacturing Facility:** It was completely manufactured by the Integral Coach Factory (ICF) located in Perambur, Chennai. * **Evaluating Options:** HAL produces aircraft. Tata Motors and L&T are private entities involved in automotive and infrastructure/defense. BHEL manufactures electrical equipment. ICF is the dedicated railway coach manufacturer responsible for this project. ### Exam Strategy & Shortcut Associate "Vande Bharat" with "Train 18". The "18" refers to 2018, the year the first rake was rolled out by ICF Chennai. Memorizing the facility location (Chennai) helps reinforce the manufacturer's name. ### Common Pitfall Assuming major private conglomerates (like L&T or Tata) or heavy electricals (BHEL) manufacture the complete train set because they sometimes supply components. The final assembly and manufacturing are done by ICF. ### Final Answer Therefore, the correct answer is **Integral Coach Factory (ICF)**.