Inter-network communication: devices on one network can communicate with devices on another network by using which component?

Introduction: Communication across subnet boundaries requires a device that understands logical addressing and forwarding between distinct networks. This question asks for the generic component that enables traffic to move from one IP network to another.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Two different IP networks or subnets must exchange traffic.
• End hosts do not share a broadcast domain or link-layer addressing scheme.
• A device must make routing decisions based on logical addresses.

Concept / Approach: The traditional term “gateway” (commonly equated with a router in IP networks) denotes the device that forwards packets between networks. While “file server,” “utility server,” and “printer server” provide application-level services within a network, they do not perform Layer-3 routing/forwarding between networks.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check: Client default gateway settings on hosts point to the local router, confirming that gateways enable off-subnet communication.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• File/Utility/Printer servers provide services but do not route.
• None of the above is false because “Gateway” is correct.

Common Pitfalls: Confusing “gateway” (router) with “application gateway” servers; assuming any server can forward packets between networks without routing capability.

Final Answer: Gateway (i.e., a router) enables communication between different networks.