Applications of code-based GPS receivers Code-based (C/A-code or differential code) GPS receivers are typically used for general navigation and tracking applications. Select the most comprehensive use-case grouping.

Introduction / Context:
GPS receivers derive positions by measuring pseudorange using PRN codes. Code-based receivers (as opposed to carrier-phase survey-grade units) provide metre-level accuracy suitable for consumer and fleet applications that require robustness and low cost rather than centimetre precision.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Receiver uses code tracking, possibly with augmentation (SBAS/DGPS).
• Use cases include navigation and asset tracking.
• No requirement for geodetic-grade accuracies.

Concept / Approach:
Code measurements yield typical accuracies of ~3–10 m (better with augmentation). This suffices for turn-by-turn guidance, vehicle/asset tracking, and transport movement monitoring. Carrier-phase receivers are reserved for surveying, precision agriculture, and structural monitoring.

Step-by-Step Reasoning:

Verification / Alternative check:
Commercial GNSS modules in smartphones and tracking devices are predominantly code-based; differential corrections enhance performance but remain in the code domain for mass market.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Choosing any single option is incomplete; all listed applications are standard.
• None of these: Incorrect since these are canonical code-receiver uses.

Common Pitfalls:
Expecting centimetre-level accuracy from standalone code receivers; that requires carrier-phase RTK/PPP solutions.

Final Answer:
All of these