Compression members terminology in structural engineering: A long vertical member subjected to an axial compressive load is called:

Introduction / Context:
Naming compression members correctly is fundamental in structural design. Different terms are used depending on orientation and usage, although all share the common feature of carrying compressive force.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Member is long and vertical.
• Loading is primarily axial compression.
• Standard building/bridge terminology is assumed.

Concept / Approach:
A vertical compression member in buildings is classically called a “column.” The broader term “strut” refers to any compression member (inclined, horizontal, or vertical) in trusses and frames. “Tie” refers to a tension member and is therefore incorrect here. “Stanchion” is often used synonymously with column, particularly in steelwork, but the most general and precise term for a vertical compressive member is “column.”

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify orientation and loading: vertical + axial compression → column.Exclude tie: carries tension, not compression.Strut is generic for compression but not specifically a long vertical building member.Stanchion is a steelwork term but “column” is the canonical answer.

Verification / Alternative check:
Textbooks consistently define a building’s vertical compression member as a column; strut is more general across orientations.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Strut: not specific to vertical members.Tie: tension member.Stanchion: acceptable in some contexts, but the standard generic term is column.All of the above: incorrect due to inclusion of the tie.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing struts in trusses with columns in frames, or assuming “all of the above.”

Final Answer:
A column.