Scope of chain surveying: Chain (tape) surveying is best suited for which type of area and site condition?

Introduction / Context:
Chain surveying is the simplest form of plane surveying. It relies primarily on linear measurements with chains or tapes and uses well-conditioned triangles as the framework. Its applicability depends strongly on ground conditions and the complexity of features to be recorded.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Minimal need for angular measurements.
• Open ground where chaining and ranging lines are feasible.
• Plan is of relatively small extent to maintain accuracy without advanced instruments.

Concept / Approach:
Because chain surveying lacks precise angular control and depends on unobstructed straight lines, it is ideal for small, open, and relatively simple sites (e.g., fields, plots). Complex or crowded details, and large extents, introduce alignment difficulties, cumulative errors, and plotting complications best handled with theodolite/EDM or total station methods.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Textbook guidance consistently restricts chain surveying to small, simple, open areas; modern practice often replaces it with total stations for efficiency in complex sites.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Crowded details: Offsets and chaining become cumbersome and error-prone.
• Large areas: Accumulated errors and logistics make chain-only methods unsuitable.
• Difficult details: Require precise angular control and instruments.

Common Pitfalls:
Attempting chain surveys in obstructed urban environments; results are slow and inaccurate.

Final Answer:
Small areas in open ground with simple details