Study the following information carefully to answer the given questions: Certain number of persons are standing in a row facing north. Each person has a carton which are kept above one another. Each carton is of different colour i.e. Maroon, Indigo, Crimson, Violet, Orange, Black, Blue and Yellow but not necessarily in the same order. Only three people sit between P and Q. W has carton of Blue colour and is kept at the bottom of the stack. Only four people sit between Q and R. S sits third to the right of T. Only six people sit between Q and U. Not more than three people sit between R and U. More than four people are between S and U. V sits third to the right of U. Only three cartons are kept between carton of S and carton of V. Carton of V is placed above carton of S. None of them sits between V and T. W sits eight to the left of R. The carton of Yellow colour is kept immediately above carton of V. Not more than three persons sit between P and W. Only three cartons are kept between the carton of Violet colour and the carton of Maroon colour. The Indigo carton is immediately above the Black carton. Only one carton is kept between the carton of Yellow colour and carton of P. Carton of T is of Yellow colour. Only one carton is kept between carton of Q and the carton of Orange colour. Carton of V is not of Indigo colour. Carton of U is kept immediately below the carton of Orange colour. The carton of Violet colour is kept immediately above carton of T. Carton of R is of which colour?

### Concept & Logic Linear arrangement and vertical stack puzzle solving. Use the given constraints to deduce the exact positions of individuals in a row and the order of their cartons in a stack. ### Step-by-Step Solution **Stack Arrangement:** - $W$ is Blue, at bottom (Position 1). - $T$ is Yellow, Yellow is immediately above $V$, Violet is immediately above $T$. This forms a block `[Violet, T(Yellow), V]` which must be placed such that 3 cartons are between $V$ and $S$. - Since $V$ is above $S$, placing $S$ at 2 and the block at 8, 7, 6 fits the 8-carton stack perfectly: 8-Violet, 7-$T$(Yellow), 6-$V$, 2-$S$, 1-$W$(Blue). - 1 carton between Yellow(7) and $P$ means $P$ is at 5. - 3 cartons between Violet(8) and Maroon means Maroon is at 4. - $U$ is immediately below Orange, and 1 carton between $Q$ and Orange. This forces Orange at 5($P$), $U$ at 4(Maroon), and $Q$ at 3. - Indigo is immediately above Black, so $Q$(3) is Indigo and $S$(2) is Black. - The remaining person $R$ gets position 8, and $V$(6) gets Crimson. **Row Arrangement:** - $W$ is 8th to left of $R$. $Q$ and $R$ have 4 people between them. $P$ and $Q$ have 3 people between them. - To satisfy "Not more than 3 between $P$ and $W$", the order from left must be $P$, $W$, ..., $Q$, ..., $R$. - Positions: $P$ is 1st, $W$ is 2nd, $Q$ is 5th, $R$ is 10th. - 6 people between $Q$(5) and $U$, so $U$ is 12th. - $V$ is 3rd to right of $U$(12), so $V$ is 15th. - $T$ is adjacent to $V$. $T$ must be 16th to satisfy "More than 4 between $S$ and $U$" (if $T$=14, $S$=17, only 4 between $U$ and $S$). - $S$ is 3rd to right of $T$(16), so $S$ is 19th. Total 19 persons. ### Exam Strategy & Shortcut Always solve dual-arrangement puzzles by separating them into two independent structures (row and stack). Fill in the most restrictive conditions first, such as blocks of items. ### Common Pitfall Miscounting the number of spaces or people "between" two entities. Remember that if there are $n$ people between $A$ and $B$, their positions differ by $n+1$. ### Final Answer Therefore, the correct answer is **Violet**.