Difficulty: Easy
Correct Answer: PAVEMENT
Explanation:
Introduction / Context:
In this final word formation question, you are given the base word PRONOUNCEMENT and four candidate words: MOUNT, CEMENT, PAVEMENT and NOUN. You must identify which one cannot be formed using only the letters of PRONOUNCEMENT, with each letter used at most as many times as it appears in the base word. This tests accuracy in tracking both letter presence and frequency.
Given Data / Assumptions:
Concept / Approach:
The standard technique is to list all letters in PRONOUNCEMENT and count how many times each occurs. Then, for every candidate, you check every letter it requires. If a candidate asks for a letter that does not appear in the base, or needs more copies of a letter than available, it cannot be formed. Any candidate that uses only available letters and stays within the frequency limits is a valid construction from the base word.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Write PRONOUNCEMENT and list letters: P, R, O, N, O, U, N, C, E, M, E, N, T.
Count frequencies: P1, R1, O2, N3, U1, C1, E2, M1, T1.
Check MOUNT: letters M, O, U, N, T. The base has M1, O2, U1, N3 and T1, so MOUNT can be formed.
Check CEMENT: letters C, E, M, E, N, T. The base has C1, E2, M1, N3 and T1, so CEMENT can be formed without exceeding any letter counts.
Check NOUN: letters N, O, U, N. The base has N3, O2 and U1, which is sufficient to build NOUN, so this candidate is possible.
Check PAVEMENT: letters P, A, V, E, M, E, N, T. The base has P1, E2, M1, N3 and T1, but it has no A and no V at all. Because PAVEMENT requires letters A and V, which are missing from PRONOUNCEMENT, it cannot be formed.
Verification / Alternative check:
A quicker verification is to scan PRONOUNCEMENT for each unique letter in the options. The words MOUNT, CEMENT and NOUN all consist only of letters that clearly appear in the base word. PAVEMENT uniquely introduces A and V. Since neither A nor V is present anywhere in PRONOUNCEMENT, this word necessarily fails the formation condition. This simple observation confirms the conclusion obtained from the more detailed letter count method.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Option A, MOUNT, uses only M, O, U, N and T, each of which exists in the base word with adequate counts. Option B, CEMENT, uses C, E, M, N and T, again fully supported by the base word. Option D, NOUN, uses N, O and U, which are all available in sufficient quantity. None of these options violates the letter availability constraints. Option E, None of these, is incorrect because PAVEMENT clearly cannot be formed from PRONOUNCEMENT due to the presence of letters A and V that the base word does not provide.
Common Pitfalls:
Test takers sometimes focus on repeated letters and miss the introduction of completely new letters such as A and V. Others assume that because a word looks somewhat related in meaning or sound, it must be formable from the base word, which is not relevant to this purely letter based task. To avoid these mistakes, always inspect each candidate for any letter that appears outside the pool provided by the base word and then consider repeated letters only when all letters are confirmed to be present.
Final Answer:
The word that cannot be formed from the letters of PRONOUNCEMENT is PAVEMENT.
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