Basic data unit sizes: a byte consists of how many bits in standard digital systems?

Introduction / Context:
Data sizes are fundamental to computing literacy. The byte is the most common addressable unit in modern architectures and forms the basis for kilobyte, megabyte, and higher-order storage measures. Understanding that a byte equals eight bits helps when interpreting memory sizes, network payloads, file formats, and character encodings.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We use the widely adopted standard where 1 byte = 8 bits.
• Historic variations existed, but 8-bit bytes are universal today.
• Bits are binary digits (0 or 1).

Concept / Approach:
An 8-bit byte supports 2^8 = 256 distinct values, which conveniently matches the range for extended ASCII/ISO-8859 encodings and fits neatly into word sizes used by processors. This convention underlies memory addressing and data path widths across contemporary digital systems.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Standards (e.g., modern CPU and memory specs) and networking protocols operate on octets, explicitly defined as 8-bit bytes, reinforcing the answer.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing “byte” with “word,” which varies in width (16, 32, 64 bits). The term “octet” is sometimes used to avoid ambiguity and explicitly means 8 bits.

Final Answer:
Eight