What is the brand name chosen for the unique identification project of India that envisages issuing a sixteen digit unique identification number to each resident?

Introduction / Context:
India launched an ambitious unique identification programme to assign a unique number to each resident of the country, with the aim of improving delivery of services, subsidies and benefits. This programme was given a simple, memorable brand name so that citizens could easily identify with it. Competitive examinations frequently ask you to match this brand name with the description of the project. This question refers to a project that envisaged assigning a sixteen digit unique identification number to residents and asks you to recall its brand name.

Given Data / Assumptions:
- The options provided are Pehchan, Maadhyam, Aadhar, Aabhar and Swabhiman.
- The question clearly refers to the unique identification number programme for Indian residents.
- In practice, the commonly known unique identification number under this programme is Aadhaar, which is a twelve digit number, but in some early descriptions it was described as a longer number.
- We assume general awareness of the branding of this programme in government communication.

Concept / Approach:
The unique identification project was branded as Aadhaar or Aadhar, meaning foundation or base in Hindi. This name was chosen to symbolise that the number and identity would form the foundation for various welfare and governance initiatives. The other names listed in the options are plausible sounding Hindi words but do not correspond to the actual brand used by the programme. Therefore, the key to answering is to connect the description of a national unique identification number with the well known name Aadhar.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Note that the description in the question clearly points to the national unique identification project for residents of India.Step 2: Recall that this project is widely known by the brand name Aadhaar or Aadhar.Step 3: Look at the options and find Aadhar listed among the choices.Step 4: Recognise that other options such as Pehchan, Maadhyam, Aabhar and Swabhiman have not been used officially for this programme.Step 5: Select Aadhar as the correct answer.

Verification / Alternative check:
A simple verification is to recall official advertisements, forms and awareness campaigns where the logo and name Aadhaar were prominently displayed. Newspapers, television campaigns and government websites all consistently used this brand name for the unique identification project. No comparable visibility exists for the other names listed in the options, confirming that Aadhar is the correct choice.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Pehchan, Maadhyam, Aabhar and Swabhiman are Hindi words that might be used as project names in other contexts but have not been used for the national unique identification programme. They are included to test whether you truly remember the actual brand name or are guessing based on the generic meaning of words such as identity or medium. Since none of these alternatives is associated with the unique identification number in government communication, they are all incorrect for this question.

Common Pitfalls:
One pitfall is overthinking the literal meaning of the words and choosing a name like Pehchan, which directly means identity, while ignoring the widely publicised actual brand name. Another mistake is confusion caused by different spellings of Aadhaar and Aadhar in English, but in objective tests any reasonable spelling that clearly refers to the same programme is treated as correct. Remembering key government flagship programme names as they are popularly used is essential for success in general knowledge sections.

Final Answer:
Aadhar is the brand name chosen for the unique identification project that envisages issuing a unique identification number to each resident of India.