A is B's sister. C is B's mother. D is C's father. E is D's mother. How is A related to D?

Introduction / Context:

This is a standard blood-relation reasoning question where multiple generational links are described step by step. The task is to trace these relationships carefully and then identify how one person is related to another. Such questions are common in aptitude tests because they measure the ability to organize hierarchical family information in a logical way.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• A is B's sister, so A and B are siblings and A is female.
• C is B's mother, meaning C is a parent of B and therefore also a parent of A.
• D is C's father, so D is the grandfather of both A and B.
• E is D's mother, placing E one generation above D, but E is not directly needed to answer the question.
• We assume a typical family structure with no unusual relationships like adoption unless explicitly stated.

Concept / Approach:

The key is to map each person onto a family tree and mark their generation: great-grandparents, grandparents, parents, children and grandchildren. Once we know the positions of A and D in this tree, we can easily describe their relationship using standard kinship terms such as father, mother, grandmother, granddaughter and so on.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

We can sketch a quick family tree. At the top is E, whose child is D. D's child is C. C's children are A and B. In this tree, D sits two levels above A, exactly the grandparent level. A is specifically female, as stated, so she must be a granddaughter rather than a grandson. This cross-check confirms our conclusion.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

“Grandfather” and “Grandmother” describe how D or E might be related to someone else, but the question asks how A is related to D. A is not a grandparent of D.

“Daughter” would mean A is the direct child of D, but there is a generation in between (C) so this is incorrect.

Common Pitfalls:

One common error is to read the relationships in the wrong direction, for example interpreting “D is C's father” as C being D's father. Another mistake is losing track of how many generations down the chain you have moved. Explicitly writing each step helps avoid confusion, especially in longer chains involving grandparents and great-grandparents.

Final Answer:

A is related to D as his granddaughter.