In animal reproduction and assisted reproductive technology (ART), what does the term “superovulation” specifically refer to? Choose the option that best describes how the ovulatory response is achieved and regulated.

Introduction / Context:
Superovulation is a cornerstone in animal breeding and assisted reproductive technology (ART). It aims to obtain multiple ovulations in a single estrous cycle, thereby increasing the number of available oocytes or embryos for procedures such as artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, and embryo transfer.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The question asks for a definition-level understanding.
• External hormonal therapy typically includes exogenous gonadotropins (FSH, eCG) and synchronization agents.
• Objective: increase the count of mature follicles that ovulate in one cycle.

Concept / Approach:

Physiologically, only a limited cohort of follicles proceeds to ovulation. Administering exogenous gonadotropins rescues additional follicles from atresia, yielding multiple ovulations. Protocols often combine follicle-stimulating hormone with prostaglandins or progesterone devices to synchronize timing for oocyte recovery or insemination.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Breeding manuals and ART protocols consistently define superovulation as multi-ovulation induced by exogenous hormones, typically FSH-based regimens, sometimes with eCG and synchronization aids.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

(b) and (c) describe decreased ovulation, the opposite of the aim. (d) “internal hormonal therapy” is vague; endogenous hormones are not what is administered. (e) contradicts clinical practice which clearly changes ovulatory response.

Common Pitfalls:

Confusing superovulation with superfertility or with just estrus synchronization; ignoring that dosing and timing critically affect embryo quality, not just quantity.

Final Answer:

Increased ovulatory response by external hormonal therapy