Bakelite classification (repair applied): which statement correctly identifies Bakelite?

Introduction / Context:
The original options did not include a correct identification for Bakelite. Applying the Recovery-First Policy, we repair the MCQ by adding one accurate option that reflects standard materials knowledge.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Bakelite is produced from phenol and formaldehyde.
• It cures to a crosslinked network (thermoset).
• We ensure only one option is correct after repair.

Concept / Approach:
Bakelite is the archetypal phenol–formaldehyde thermoset. It is not an addition polymer (that would involve chain growth like styrene), not an elastomer (it is rigid), and not a thermoplastic (it does not remelt). Hence, the repaired correct description is a thermosetting phenolic resin.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify chemistry: phenol + formaldehyde → phenolic network.Classify as thermoset due to irreversible crosslinking.Select the repaired option (d) as correct.

Verification / Alternative check:
Historic and modern materials texts list Bakelite as the first widely commercialized thermoset plastic.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Addition polymer: wrong mechanism.Elastomer: mechanical behaviour does not match.Thermoplastic: does not soften/remelt upon heating.

Common Pitfalls:
Equating “moulded at heat” with thermoplasticity; thermosets also cure under heat and pressure.

Final Answer:
A thermosetting phenol–formaldehyde resin.