Directions: For the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) given below, choose the correct alternative. Assertion (A): In India, the judiciary is independent of the executive. Reason (R): The judiciary generally favours the government and helps in the implementation of its plans.

Introduction / Context:

This Assertion–Reason problem is based on basic civics and the Indian Constitution. It checks whether the learner understands the principle of separation of powers and the idea of an independent judiciary. At the same time, it tests if the learner can critically evaluate a statement suggesting that courts routinely favour the government.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Assertion (A): In India, the judiciary is independent of the executive.
• Reason (R): Judiciary favours the government and helps in implementation of its plans.
• We need to decide the truth-value of A and R and whether R correctly explains A.
• The context is constitutional design, not any one specific case or judgment.

Concept / Approach:

The Constitution of India establishes three main organs: legislature, executive and judiciary. Independence of the judiciary means that judges exercise their powers free from direct control of the executive and legislature, so that they can uphold the Constitution and protect citizens' rights. To answer, we must compare this principle with the claim in the Reason that the judiciary favours the government and assists in implementing its plans.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

In actual constitutional practice, courts in India have often checked executive power, for example by reviewing detentions, cancelling arbitrary decisions or striking down unconstitutional laws. These examples contradict the idea that the judiciary simply favours the government. This supports the conclusion that the Reason is not a true general principle.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

The option that both A and R are true cannot be accepted because R is not a correct factual statement.

The option that both are true but R is not the correct explanation also fails on the same ground, since R is not true.

The option claiming A is false but R is true reverses reality: A is aligned with the Constitution, while R misrepresents the judiciary's role.

Common Pitfalls:

Learners sometimes confuse actual judicial independence with political perceptions that a court is pro- or anti-government in particular cases. Assertion–Reason questions, however, are about the general principle, not isolated opinions. Always distinguish constitutional design from temporary political narratives.

Final Answer:

The correct option is A is true but R is false.