In the historical classification of computer generations, artificial intelligence (AI) is most closely associated with which computer generation?

Introduction / Context:
In many computer awareness syllabi, the evolution of computers is described in terms of generations, from first to fifth and beyond. Each generation is associated with specific hardware technologies and key concepts. The fifth generation is commonly linked with artificial intelligence, knowledge based systems and advanced parallel processing. This question checks whether you can match AI with its traditional computer generation in standard exam oriented classification schemes.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The topic is the generational classification of computers.
• The question asks with which generation artificial intelligence is associated.
• Options list third, fourth, fifth, sixth and second generation computers.
• We assume the conventional textbook model used in competitive exams.

Concept / Approach:
The traditional five generation model links each era to major technological changes. The first generation used vacuum tubes, the second used transistors, the third used integrated circuits, and the fourth moved to very large and ultra large scale integration with microprocessors and personal computers. The fifth generation, as envisioned in many textbooks and projects such as the Japanese fifth generation program, emphasised artificial intelligence, natural language processing and expert systems. Therefore, when exam questions ask which generation is associated with AI, the expected answer is the fifth generation of computers.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Most computer fundamentals textbooks include a table summarising each computer generation. In that table, the fifth generation is labelled with characteristics such as AI, parallel processing, very high level languages and knowledge based systems. The same books discuss the Japanese fifth generation computer systems project, whose goal was to build intelligent machines. In contrast, earlier generations are described primarily in terms of hardware components like vacuum tubes, transistors and integrated circuits. This consistent emphasis on AI in connection with the fifth generation confirms that it is the correct answer.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Third generation of computers: Associated with integrated circuits, multi programming and smaller mainframes, not primarily with AI.
• Fourth generation of computers: Known for microprocessors and personal computers, not for AI as the main generational feature.
• Sixth generation of computers: Not a standard term in many exam oriented classifications, and AI was already associated with the fifth generation.
• Second generation of computers: Based on transistors and simple batch processing systems, long before modern AI research matured.

Common Pitfalls:
Because AI is now used across many platforms, including modern personal computers and cloud systems, some learners incorrectly link it with the fourth or a hypothetical sixth generation. Exam questions, however, usually follow the classical five generation model and place AI in the fifth generation. To avoid confusion, memorise a simple sequence: vacuum tube, transistor, IC, microprocessor, AI and knowledge based systems. When you see artificial intelligence in a generation question, fifth generation should be your immediate association.

Final Answer:
Artificial intelligence in the classical computer generation model is associated with the Fifth generation of computers.