In a 40 litre mixture of alcohol & water, the ratio of alcohol and water is 5 : 3. If 20% of this mixture is taken out and the same amount of water is added then what will be the ratio of alcohol and water in final mixture?

Step 1: Initial setup

Total mixture = 40 litres

Alcohol : Water = 5 : 3

Total parts = 5 + 3 = 8 parts

Alcohol = (5/8) × 40 = 25 litres
Water = (3/8) × 40 = 15 litres

Step 2: 20% of mixture is taken out

20% of 40 litres = 8 litres removed

Alcohol in 8 litres = (5/8) × 8 = 5 litres
Water in 8 litres = (3/8) × 8 = 3 litres

Step 3: Subtract removed quantities

Alcohol left = 25 - 5 = 20 litres
Water left = 15 - 3 = 12 litres

Step 4: Add back 8 litres of water

Water after addition = 12 + 8 = 20 litres

Final quantities:

Alcohol = 20 litres
Water = 20 litres

Final ratio of Alcohol : Water = 20 : 20 = 1 : 1