Anchorage dependence in cell culture: Anchorage-dependent (adherent) animal cells require what kind of surface property to attach and grow properly?

Introduction / Context:
Many animal cells (e.g., fibroblasts, epithelial lines) are anchorage-dependent, meaning they require attachment to a substrate for survival, proliferation, and differentiation. This principle informs the design of cultureware (treated plastic, glass) and microcarrier systems used in bioprocessing.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Attachment involves integrins and extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions.
• Surface energy and hydrophilicity influence protein adsorption and cell adhesion.
• Certain lines are adapted to suspension, but many are not.

Concept / Approach:
Wettable (hydrophilic) surfaces, often plasma-treated plastics or glass, adsorb serum proteins (e.g., fibronectin, vitronectin) that present adhesion motifs to cell receptors, enabling attachment and spreading. Hydrophobic, non-wettable surfaces resist protein adsorption and typically do not support adherent growth without additional coatings.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Define anchorage dependence: need for substratum attachment.Identify surface requirement: wettable, tissue-culture–treated plastic or glass.Select “Wettable surface for growth.”

Verification / Alternative check:
Manufacturers specify “tissue culture–treated” ware to increase surface wettability and charge, improving cell adhesion and spreading, confirming the necessity of wettable surfaces for adherent lines.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Dry, non-wettable surfaces: poor protein adsorption and adhesion.
• Either (a) or (b): incorrect—surface properties matter.
• Attachment unnecessary: not true for anchorage-dependent cells.
• Only metallic: metals are not standard substrates for routine culture.

Common Pitfalls:
Attempting to culture adherent cells on non-treated plastics; omitting ECM coatings when needed.

Final Answer:
Wettable surface for growth.