Difficulty: Medium
Correct Answer: Either I or II follows
Explanation:
Introduction / Context:
We have one universal and one particular statement. The relationship between Clerks and Stenos is not fixed by the premises and may vary across models.
Given Data / Assumptions:
Concept / Approach:
The intersection between Clerks and Stenos is undetermined: it could be empty or non-empty, consistent with the premises. Therefore, either “Some stenos are clerks” or “No steno is a clerk” will hold depending on the model, but neither is individually necessary.
Step-by-Step Evaluation:
1) If the “some typists that are stenos” are chosen from among clerks, then I is true.2) If they are chosen from non-clerk typists, then II is true.3) III “All typists are clerks” is unsupported (reverse inclusion).4) IV “All clerks are stenos” is also unsupported.
Verification / Alternative check:
Construct two models as above; one satisfies I, the other satisfies II; both keep the premises true.
Final Answer:
Either I or II follows.
Discussion & Comments