AI methodology: One way to program a computer to exhibit human-like intelligence is to build a computer model of the target behavior. This approach is commonly called modeling or what?

Introduction / Context:
AI systems often emulate aspects of human cognition or intelligent behavior. When we construct a computational mechanism that behaves like the system we are studying, we are building a model that runs—i.e., a simulation. This question targets the standard terminology connecting modeling to its operational manifestation in AI and computational science.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We are considering a method to program human-like intelligence.
• “Modeling” refers to representing mechanisms and processes.
• The term sought is the widely accepted companion concept to modeling.

Concept / Approach:
Modeling creates a structured representation; simulation executes that representation over time to observe behavior. In AI, we might simulate perception, reasoning, or learning processes to test hypotheses and evaluate performance. Thus “simulation” is the canonical term paired with modeling.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
In research literature, “model and simulate” is a standard phrase; AI cognitive modeling explicitly involves simulation to compare with human performance.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Cognitization: not standard terminology.
• Duplication: implies exact copying, not model-based emulation.
• Psychic amelioration: unrelated to AI methodology.
• None of the above: incorrect because simulation is correct.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming simulation requires physical robots; it can be entirely software-based. Confusing “duplicate” with “simulate”—models approximate essential features, not necessarily every detail.

Final Answer:
simulation