Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI) methods: Which CAI technique is explicitly based on programmed instruction, presenting content as a sequence of small, structured frames?

Introduction / Context:
Computer-Assisted Instruction encompasses a range of approaches, from simple drill-and-practice to intelligent tutoring. One historically important method follows the behaviorist tradition of programmed instruction, delivering content in small steps and branching based on student responses.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The question asks for the CAI approach tied to programmed instruction.
• Options include multiple CAI families with distinct pedagogical goals.
• We interpret “programmed instruction” as linear/branching frames with immediate feedback.

Concept / Approach:
Frame-based CAI presents content as a series of discrete frames: a statement/question followed by a required response and feedback. This mirrors Skinnerian programmed instruction and can include branching to remedial or advanced frames. Other approaches (e.g., intelligent CAI) incorporate domain models and learner models to adapt more deeply beyond fixed frames.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify the hallmark of programmed instruction: sequenced frames with immediate feedback.Match that hallmark to “frame-based CAI.”Exclude alternatives that emphasize discovery/problem solving or AI-driven tutoring.Select “frame-based CAI.”

Verification / Alternative check:
Educational technology texts categorize classic programmed instruction under frame-based CAI. Intelligent tutoring systems extend beyond frames with knowledge-based reasoning.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Generative CAI: focuses on learner-generated content or rule generation, not classic frames.

Problem-solving CAI: emphasizes open-ended tasks rather than sequenced frames.

Intelligent CAI: uses AI for adaptivity; not synonymous with programmed instruction.

None of the above: incorrect because frame-based CAI directly matches.

Common Pitfalls:
Equating any step-by-step tutorial with intelligent CAI; the latter requires explicit domain and student models, not just branching frames.

Final Answer:
frame-based CAI