SQL as an ANSI standard Which technology was adopted as a national standard by ANSI in 1992 (often called SQL-92)?

Introduction / Context:
Standards bodies such as ANSI and ISO formalize specifications so that vendors can interoperate and users can rely on consistent behavior. In the relational database world, SQL was standardized early and has undergone multiple revisions, with a major milestone in 1992.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The question refers to 1992, the year the SQL-92 standard was published.
• Vendor products implement the standard to varying degrees.
• ANSI standardization is separate from any single vendor product.

Concept / Approach:

SQL (Structured Query Language) became an ANSI standard initially in the late 1980s, with the significant SQL-92 revision adopted in 1992. Oracle, Access, and dBASE are products that may implement SQL but are not standards themselves.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Historical references list SQL-86, SQL-89, SQL-92, and later editions (1999, 2003, 2008, 2011, etc.).

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Oracle/Access/dBASE: vendor-specific systems, not standards.
• COBOL: a programming language standardized separately and not the 1992 ANSI database standard in question.

Common Pitfalls:

• Confusing a product that implements SQL with the SQL standard itself.

Final Answer:

SQL