In the following question, a sentence has been given in the active voice (present perfect). Out of the four alternatives suggested, select the one which best expresses the same sentence in the passive voice. Arun has written a newspaper report on the inauguration of Delhi Metro Railways.

Introduction / Context:
This question tests how well you can convert a sentence in the present perfect tense from active voice to passive voice. The given sentence is "Arun has written a newspaper report on the inauguration of Delhi Metro Railways." In the passive version, the focus should shift from the doer, Arun, to the result, the newspaper report, while keeping the tense and overall meaning intact.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Active sentence: Arun has written a newspaper report on the inauguration of Delhi Metro Railways.
• Subject: Arun.
• Object: a newspaper report on the inauguration of Delhi Metro Railways.
• Tense: present perfect (has written).
• We must preserve the time aspect and show that the action is completed with present relevance.

Concept / Approach:
The present perfect tense in the active voice follows the pattern: subject + has or have + past participle. In passive voice, the structure becomes: object + has or have + been + past participle + by + subject. Since "a newspaper report" is singular, we use "has been" plus "written." The agent "Arun" is then added with "by" at the end of the sentence. This gives a correct, natural passive construction that highlights the completed report rather than the writer.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Identify the object phrase: a newspaper report on the inauguration of Delhi Metro Railways.Step 2: Move this object phrase to subject position in the passive sentence.Step 3: Use the present perfect passive pattern: has been written.Step 4: Attach the agent phrase "by Arun" at the end of the sentence.Step 5: The full passive sentence becomes: A newspaper report on the inauguration of Delhi Metro Railways has been written by Arun.

Verification / Alternative check:
To verify, convert the passive sentence back into active voice by taking the agent "Arun" as the subject, keeping the tense "has written," and moving the long noun phrase back into object position. You then get "Arun has written a newspaper report on the inauguration of Delhi Metro Railways," which matches the original sentence. This confirms that the correct tense and meaning have been preserved.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
"Have been written" in option A is incorrect because the subject "a newspaper report" is singular and requires "has" rather than "have." Option B uses "had been written," which is past perfect and does not match the present perfect of the original. Option C uses "is written," which is a simple present passive and again changes the tense. Option E uses "was written," simple past, which fails to keep the present perfect sense of completed action that still has current relevance.

Common Pitfalls:
Learners sometimes forget that the auxiliary verb in the passive must agree in number with the new subject, not with the original one. Another frequent error is accidentally shifting the tense while concentrating on the word order. To avoid this, always identify the tense first, then build the passive using the correct pattern: has or have + been + past participle for the present perfect passive.

Final Answer:
A newspaper report on the inauguration of Delhi Metro Railways has been written by Arun.