By definition, an action assertion (business rule) must include which components?

Introduction / Context:
Action assertions formalize rules about operations on data—what must or must not happen under certain conditions. Understanding their required components helps with consistent specification.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• An anchor object (the primary subject of the rule) is identified.
• An action to be constrained, allowed, or triggered is specified.
• A corresponding (or related) object is referenced when the rule involves relationships.

Concept / Approach:
Typical structures for action assertions include subject (anchor), verb (action), and object (corresponding entity), often augmented by conditions and timing. These pieces ensure the rule is testable and implementable.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Business rules catalogs and modeling texts show similar structures (e.g., “A Customer (anchor) may place (action) an Order (corresponding object) only if …”).

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Choosing only one or two components yields incomplete, ambiguous rules.

Common Pitfalls:
Omitting the corresponding object and embedding it implicitly, which makes enforcement harder.

Final Answer:
All of the above.