Materials selection for gas holders: Which construction material is commonly used for acetylene gas holders/cylinders to ensure safety and compatibility?

Difficulty: Easy

Correct Answer: Steel

Explanation:


Introduction / Context:
Acetylene (C2H2) is an industrial fuel gas that forms explosive compounds with certain metals. Choosing the correct material for gas holders and cylinders is critical for safety, durability, and regulatory compliance in chemical and welding operations.


Given Data / Assumptions:

  • Stored gas is acetylene at cylinder conditions with porous mass and solvent (e.g., acetone or DMF).
  • Question concerns standard industrial practice for vessel material.
  • Compatibility with acetylene and mechanical strength under pressure are required.


Concept / Approach:
Materials in contact with acetylene must not form metal acetylides, which are impact-sensitive and explosive. The vessel must also provide high strength and toughness, meet codes, and be weldable and inspectable. Steel satisfies these criteria for pressure cylinders and gas holders.


Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify unsafe metals: copper, silver, and their alloys can form explosive acetylides with acetylene.Assess mechanical and code requirements: cast iron is brittle and unsuitable for pressure cylinders.Select standard practice: seamless or welded steel cylinders and steel gas holders are industry norm.


Verification / Alternative check:
Look at national cylinder standards and safety data: acetylene cylinders are specified in steel with porous filler and solvent to keep free acetylene partial pressure low.


Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Copper: forms hazardous copper acetylide; unsafe. Cast iron: too brittle for pressure service. Monel: excellent corrosion resistance but not the standard, cost-effective choice for acetylene storage vessels.


Common Pitfalls:
Assuming corrosion resistance alone dictates the choice; for fuel gases, reactivity and mechanical integrity dominate.


Final Answer:
Steel

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