A shopkeeper sells some toys at $₹ 250$ each. What percent profit does he make? To find the answer, which of the following information given in Statements I and II is / are necessary? I. Number of toys sold II. Cost price of each toy

### Concept & Profit Percentage Profit percentage is calculated based on the Cost Price (CP) and Selling Price (SP) of a single unit. The number of units sold is irrelevant to the percentage. $$Profit\% = \frac{SP - CP}{CP} \times 100$$ ### Step-by-Step Solution 1. **Analyze the Question:** We are given the Selling Price (SP) of one toy ($₹ 250$). We need to find the profit percentage. 2. **Evaluate Statement I:** "Number of toys sold". The number of toys does not affect the profit percentage per toy or overall. So, this information is not necessary. 3. **Evaluate Statement II:** "Cost price of each toy". To calculate the profit percentage using the formula, we must know the Cost Price (CP). Thus, this information is absolutely necessary. ### Exam Strategy & Shortcut Recognize that percentage profit/loss is a ratio. Ratios are independent of the total quantity. You only need the unit SP and unit CP to find the percentage. ### Common Pitfall Thinking that total profit is needed to find profit percentage, thus incorrectly assuming the number of toys is required. ### Final Answer Therefore, the correct answer is **Only II is necessary.**