Per capita water requirement by building type According to common planning values, 45 litres per capita per day is typically provided for which building occupancy?

Introduction / Context:
Plumbing and water-supply design uses typical per capita water allowances for different occupancies. These figures reflect usage patterns such as handwashing, toilets, cleaning, and limited pantry needs.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Standard planning norms for non-residential buildings.
• Water includes domestic and sanitary use within the building; not industrial process water.

Concept / Approach:
Office buildings typically have relatively low per capita consumption compared with residences, hotels, or medical accommodations. A common planning value is about 45 L/person/day for offices, whereas hotels and residential institutions (hostels, nurses’ homes) have higher demands due to bathing, laundry, and meal services.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Match 45 LPCD to the occupancy with minimal bathing/laundry loads → office buildings.Other occupancies usually range far higher (often >100 LPCD).

Verification / Alternative check:
Municipal bylaws and design manuals list ~45 LPCD for offices; hotels commonly exceed 180 LPCD; hostels are often around 135 LPCD or more.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Hotels/hostels/nurses’ homes include bathing and laundry leading to significantly higher per capita usage than 45 LPCD.

Common Pitfalls:
Not distinguishing between domestic institutional uses and office-only uses; failing to check latest local standards.

Final Answer:
Office buildings