At which session of the Indian National Congress in 1929 was a historic resolution passed declaring Purna Swaraj (complete independence) as Indias ultimate political goal?

Introduction / Context:
This question is from the constitutional and political history of the freedom struggle. Until the late 1920s, the official demand of the Congress was dominion status within the British Empire. In 1929, a historic shift took place when the Congress adopted Purna Swaraj, meaning complete independence, as its ultimate goal. Knowing at which session and at which place this resolution was passed is crucial for understanding the progression of national demands.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The year is 1929.
• The body involved is the Indian National Congress.
• The resolution declared Purna Swaraj (complete independence) as the political goal.
• The options list different sessions held at Simla, Lahore, Madras, Calcutta and Karachi.

Concept / Approach:
The key concept is the Lahore Session of the Congress in December 1929. Under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru, this session rejected dominion status as the final objective and adopted Purna Swaraj. It also authorised the launching of a civil disobedience movement and approved the observance of 26 January 1930 as Independence Day. Karachi Session came later in 1931 and is famous for its resolution on fundamental rights and national economic programme, not for the original Purna Swaraj declaration.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall that the demand for complete independence, or Purna Swaraj, was officially adopted in 1929.Step 2: Remember that the Congress session that year was held at Lahore, with Jawaharlal Nehru as the president.Step 3: Connect the Lahore Session with the decision to launch the civil disobedience movement and to celebrate 26 January as Independence Day.Step 4: Compare this with other sessions Calcutta, Madras, Simla and Karachi and recall that none of these is associated with the first Purna Swaraj resolution.Step 5: Select Lahore Session as the correct answer.

Verification / Alternative check:

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Simla Session: Not associated with the adoption of Purna Swaraj as the political goal.
• Madras Session: Important in Congress history, but not the venue for the 1929 Purna Swaraj resolution.
• Calcutta Session: Linked with earlier decisions, including the acceptance of the Non Cooperation programme, but not with the 1929 complete independence demand.
• Karachi Session: Famous for resolutions on fundamental rights and economic policy in 1931, not for the original Purna Swaraj declaration.

Common Pitfalls:
Students sometimes mix up Lahore and Karachi because both sessions are close in time and both passed important resolutions. Another mistake is to remember that January 26 was celebrated as Independence Day but forget which session decided it. The safest method is to remember a simple chain: Lahore 1929 equals Purna Swaraj, Karachi 1931 equals fundamental rights and economic programme. This ensures you select Lahore for questions about the 1929 resolution.

Final Answer:
The historic resolution declaring Purna Swaraj as Indias political goal was passed at the Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress in 1929.