Standard per-capita water demand categories A per-capita allowance of approximately 135 litres per person per day is typically adopted for which of the following user groups?

Introduction / Context:
Design of distribution systems requires assigning per-capita water demands for different consumer categories. Values around 135 LPCD are commonly used for residential-type occupancies in Indian practice (subject to local codes and service levels).

Given Data / Assumptions:

• User groups resemble residential usage patterns.
• Plumbing includes flushing, bathing, washing, and kitchen use.
• Continuous service with reasonable losses assumed.

Concept / Approach:
Normative values aggregate domestic uses and service requirements. Nurses’ homes, hostels, and residential schools all exhibit residential living patterns. Hence, the same order of magnitude (around 135 LPCD) is applied unless specific institutional guidelines dictate otherwise.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Planning handbooks and municipal schedules list similar values for dormitories and staff housing, adjusted for local service levels.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Picking any single category ignores the consistent residential nature across these occupancies.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing institutional process water needs (e.g., hospitals, labs) with residential living blocks; those may require higher allowances.

Final Answer:
All of the above