Terminology alignment: Does XML use the same terms with the same meanings as found in relational database systems?

Introduction / Context:
XML is a hierarchical markup language, while relational databases use tabular models. Although data can be mapped between the two, their terminology and core abstractions differ. This question tests awareness of that distinction.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• XML organizes data as nested elements/attributes in a tree.
• Relational systems organize data into tables consisting of rows and columns with keys and constraints.
• Mappings (e.g., object-relational or XML shredding) are optional layers built on top.

Concept / Approach:
XML uses terms like element, attribute, text node, parent/child, document order. Databases use table, row/tuple, column/attribute (in the relational sense), primary key, foreign key. Some terms overlap semantically (“attribute”), but meanings differ: an XML attribute is metadata attached to an element, not a column in a table. Therefore, XML does not adopt database terms with identical semantics.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
When mapping XML to tables, engineers often design schemas, shredding rules, or use XML types; the need for mapping itself shows the models and terms are distinct.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Claiming the same terminology glosses over deep model differences (tree vs. relation).
• Tools can help map but do not unify terminology or semantics.

Common Pitfalls:
Equating an XML attribute with a database column or assuming element order has no meaning (order matters in XML, not in relational tables).

Final Answer:
Incorrect: XML and databases use different terms and concepts