LAN design question: which physical topology typically provides the greatest flexibility for adding, moving, or replacing devices and cabling in practice?

Introduction:
Physical topology affects how easy it is to expand or reconfigure a local area network. Flexibility means minimal disruption when adding or relocating devices, straightforward troubleshooting, and limited impact from a single link failure. This question asks which topology generally offers the best flexibility for wiring changes in modern LANs.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Focus is on physical cabling and ease of change management.
• Common topologies considered: bus, ring, and star.
• Assume typical Ethernet implementations (e.g., twisted-pair to a switch).

Concept / Approach:
In a star topology, each device connects via a dedicated cable to a central hub/switch. Adding or moving a device usually involves terminating a new cable at the patch panel and switch—no interruption to other links. In a bus topology (thin coax), inserting a new node requires cutting into the shared cable and carefully maintaining impedance/terminations, risking downtime for the entire segment. In a ring, breaking the ring impacts all nodes unless special MAUs or protections are used. Thus, star provides the greatest practical flexibility and fault isolation.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Modern enterprise and home Ethernet overwhelmingly use a star (switched) topology; structured cabling standards are built around this model, confirming its flexibility and maintainability.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Bus: difficult expansions; a single fault can drop the whole segment.
• Ring: link changes interrupt the loop; specialized hardware needed for resilience.
• Circuit-switched (T-switched): describes WAN service type, not a LAN physical topology choice.
• None of the above: incorrect because star is correct.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming “fewer cables” equals “more flexible”; in practice, manageability and fault isolation dominate, favoring star.

Final Answer:
Star networks.