In Indian geology, which ancient rock system is especially noted for having the maximum concentration of metallic mineral deposits?

Introduction / Context:
India s geological history is divided into several rock systems, each with its own age, composition and economic importance. Among these, some systems host rich deposits of metallic minerals like iron, manganese, gold and copper, while others are more important for coal or building stone. This question asks which rock system is known for having the maximum concentration of metallic mineral deposits, a key fact in economic geology that links rock age and type with mining potential.

Given Data / Assumptions:

- The rock systems listed are Dharwar, Cuddapah, Gondwana and Vindhyan. - The focus is specifically on metallic minerals such as iron, manganese and gold. - The question concerns concentration of these minerals, not coal reserves or building materials. - Only one system is widely taught as the principal host for metallic ores in India.

Concept / Approach:
The Dharwar system consists of some of the oldest metamorphic and igneous rocks in India and is particularly rich in metallic mineral ores. Many major iron ore, manganese and gold deposits are associated with Dharwar rocks, especially in Karnataka and neighbouring states. In contrast, the Gondwana system is famous for coal, while the Cuddapah and Vindhyan systems are mainly associated with sedimentary rocks used as building materials and host comparatively fewer metallic ores. The approach is to recall which system is emphasised in textbooks for metals.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Verification can be done by reviewing standard geography chapters on minerals and power resources. These often include a separate section that states clearly that Dharwar rocks are the storehouse of many metallic minerals in India. Maps of mineral belts also show heavy clustering of iron ore and manganese mines in regions where Dharwar rocks outcrop. This visual correlation between geology and mining activity confirms Dharwar as the correct rock system for the question.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
The Cuddapah system consists mostly of sedimentary rocks with limited metallic mineral content compared to Dharwar. The Gondwana system is synonymous with coal bearing strata and is not highlighted for metals. The Vindhyan system similarly comprises sedimentary rocks important for building materials rather than metallic ores. None of the above is incorrect because Dharwar rocks are widely recognised as the main host for metallic minerals in Indian geology texts.

Common Pitfalls:
A common error is to choose Gondwana simply because it is frequently mentioned in discussions of resources, but its fame is mainly due to coal. Another pitfall is confusion between rock age and mineral content; students sometimes assume younger systems might be richer without checking specific data. Careful reading of economic geology summaries that pair each rock system with its key resources helps avoid these mistakes.

Final Answer:
The rock system especially noted for its high concentration of metallic mineral deposits in India is the Dharwar system of ancient metamorphic rocks.