Essential RNAs for translation — which molecules are required? During protein synthesis in cells, which of the following RNA types are required for the process to proceed?

Introduction:
Translation converts genetic information into protein. Three RNA types play indispensable roles: mRNA carries the codon template, tRNA delivers amino acids via anticodons, and rRNA forms the structural and catalytic core of the ribosome.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• mRNA encodes the amino acid sequence via codons.
• tRNA acts as an adaptor linking codons to amino acids.
• rRNA provides both scaffold and catalytic peptidyl transferase activity.

Concept / Approach:

Because each RNA type fulfills a nonredundant function, translation requires all three simultaneously. Removing any one stalls the process: without mRNA there is no template, without tRNA there is no delivery, and without rRNA there is no ribosome or catalysis.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Depletion or inhibition of any of these RNA classes halts translation in vivo and in vitro, demonstrating their essentiality.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Each single-RNA option omits required partners; snRNA participates mainly in pre-mRNA splicing, not cytosolic translation.

Common Pitfalls:

Assuming ribosomal proteins, rather than rRNA, provide the principal catalytic activity.

Final Answer:

All of these (tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA)