Which of the following words are interjections in standard English grammar?

Introduction / Context:
Interjections are one of the basic parts of speech studied in English grammar. They are short words or phrases used to express sudden feelings such as surprise, joy, pain, or disappointment. Examples include "oh", "wow", "alas", and "yikes". Interjections often stand alone or appear at the beginning of a sentence, and they are usually followed by an exclamation mark or a comma. This question checks if learners can recognise common interjections among a set of options.

Given Data / Assumptions:
- The words presented in the options are "Alas", "Yikes", and "Oh".
- Another option, "All of the above", suggests that more than one of these might be interjections.
- A final option says "None of the above".
- We assume the standard school level definition of interjections: words used to show sudden emotion or reaction.

Concept / Approach:
Interjections are not grammatically connected to the main structure of a sentence. Instead, they show the speaker immediate emotion. "Alas" expresses sadness, regret, or disappointment. "Yikes" expresses shock, alarm, or mild fear. "Oh" can express surprise, realisation, pain, or many other emotions, depending on tone. All three are classic examples of interjections in everyday use and in grammar books. The approach is therefore to recognise each of these as an interjection and then select the option that acknowledges that all of them belong to this part of speech.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Consider the word "Alas". It is frequently used at the beginning of a sentence to show sadness or regret, as in "Alas, the plan failed". This matches the definition of an interjection. Step 2: Look at "Yikes". People say "Yikes!" when they are suddenly shocked, frightened, or surprised by something. It stands alone or before a sentence and clearly shows emotion. Step 3: Examine "Oh". This is one of the most common interjections. People say "Oh!" when they are surprised, hurt, or when they suddenly realise something. It often appears at the beginning of a sentence or as a one word reaction. Step 4: Since each of the individual words in options A, B, and C fits the definition of an interjection, it follows that they are all examples of interjections. Step 5: Therefore, the correct choice is option D, "All of the above". Step 6: Option E, "None of the above", would only be correct if none of the words were interjections, which is not the case.

Verification / Alternative check:
To verify, imagine each word being used in a short reaction sentence. "Alas!" can stand alone when someone hears bad news. "Yikes!" can be shouted if someone sees a large bill or a dangerous situation. "Oh!" is often used as a first response when something unexpected happens. In each case, the word does not function as a noun, verb, adjective, or adverb. Instead, it is a pure expression of emotion, which is the hallmark of an interjection. Grammar exercise books and dictionaries also list these words under the category of interjections.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Alas only: Choosing just one of the words fails to recognise that the others also express sudden emotion.
Yikes only: This ignores the fact that "Alas" and "Oh" are equally standard interjections.
Oh only: Again, this choice does not take into account the complete set of examples provided.
None of the above: This would be correct only if all the words were something other than interjections, which is contrary to common grammar usage.

Common Pitfalls:
A frequent mistake is to think that only "Oh" is an interjection because it is so common, and to treat "Alas" and "Yikes" as outdated or slang. However, both are widely recognised as interjections. Learners also sometimes try to fit these words into other parts of speech, but they do not act as nouns, verbs, or adjectives in typical sentences. Remember that if a short word appears mainly to show emotion and is often followed by an exclamation mark, it is very likely an interjection.

Final Answer:
"Alas", "Yikes", and "Oh" are all interjections, so the correct choice is All of the above.