DBMS components: which of the following items are considered part of database software tooling provided with a DBMS installation?

Introduction / Context:
A full-fledged database management system (DBMS) is more than a storage engine. Vendors provide languages and tools to create, access, administer, and present data. Recognizing the breadth of DBMS software helps in planning development and operations.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Database manipulation language (DML) and query languages are part of user-facing interfaces (for example, SQL).
• Utilities include backup/restore, import/export, integrity checks, statistics collection.
• Report writers are tools that format and present data for business consumption.

Concept / Approach:
Modern DBMS environments bundle or integrate all these categories. SQL encompasses DML and query capabilities; utilities support administration and maintenance; report writers (or BI/reporting layers) often come as companion components or are tightly integrated through connectors and drivers.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify each option as a known DBMS-related capability.Note that DML and query language are core; utilities and report writers are standard adjuncts.Select the inclusive option acknowledging the presence of all.

Verification / Alternative check:
Vendor documentation (for example, PostgreSQL, SQL Server, Oracle) lists command-line and GUI utilities and provides SQL (DML/DDL/DCL) and external reporting/BI integration or native tools.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Choosing a single item omits necessary components; “All of the above” correctly captures the breadth of DBMS software tooling.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming only SQL matters and ignoring maintenance utilities, or conflating report writers entirely with external applications—many DBMS ship with native reporting or integrate seamlessly.

Final Answer:
All of the above