Industrial sources of arsenic pollution Arsenic pollutants are typically NOT generated in which of the following industries under normal operations?

Introduction / Context:
Arsenic is a toxic metalloid associated with a range of industrial activities. Correctly identifying sectors that can release arsenic helps in permitting, monitoring, and pollution control planning, while also clarifying which sectors generally do not pose arsenic emission risks under routine conditions.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Normal operations without accidental contamination.
• Typical process chemistries characteristic of the listed industries.
• Focus on arsenic generation or release as a pollutant, not occasional trace presence in raw materials.

Concept / Approach:
Tanneries may handle chemicals and hides containing trace metals; arsenic compounds have historically been used in some preservation processes. Glass and ceramic industries can incorporate metal oxides and mineral raw materials with arsenic impurities, potentially releasing arsenic in dusts or fumes. Non-ferrous smelting is a well-known source of arsenic emissions due to arsenic-bearing ores. In contrast, beverage production involves food-grade ingredients and hygienic processing; while trace arsenic in water sources is a quality concern, the industry does not generate arsenic pollutants as part of its process—it relies on clean inputs and treatment to meet strict standards.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Environmental inventories attribute arsenic emissions primarily to metal smelting, coal combustion, and certain mineral industries; food and beverage plants are not listed as sources beyond potential raw water contamination control.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Tanneries: Potential for arsenic in chemical streams historically; regulatory controls apply.
• Glass and ceramic: Mineral inputs may carry arsenic impurities; high-temperature processes can volatilise them.
• Any of these: Incorrect since beverages are not a generator.
• Non-ferrous metal smelting: A recognised arsenic source from arsenopyrite and similar ores.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing contamination in incoming potable water with process generation; the question targets generation as a pollutant source.

Final Answer:
Beverages