C++ static member functions: evaluate two claims about their access and how they are called.

Introduction / Context:
Static member functions operate at the class level, not on a particular object instance. They are commonly used to manipulate static data members, implement factories, or provide utility operations closely tied to a class's abstraction, while not requiring an object pointer (this) at the call site. This question asks you to validate two common statements about them: access constraints and call syntax.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Statement 1: A static member function can access only other static members of its class.
• Statement 2: A static member function can be called using the class name, not just objects.
• We consider standard C++ rules for static members.

Concept / Approach:

Because static member functions do not have an implicit object (no this pointer), they cannot directly access non-static data members or non-static member functions, which require an object context. They can, however, access static data members and call other static member functions. For invocation, the canonical form is ClassName::func(...), although calling through an object is syntactically allowed but unnecessary. Therefore, both statements accurately describe static member functions.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Attempt to use a non-static data member inside a static function; the compiler complains about missing object. Access a static counter or call another static function; compilation succeeds. Invoke the function as T::f() and also via an instance; both compile, the former being clearer.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

“Only 1” or “Only 2” — each ignores that both statements hold.

“Both incorrect” — contradicts fundamental static semantics.

Common Pitfalls:

• Attempting to read or write non-static members in a static function without passing an object.
• Confusing static member functions with free functions in the same namespace.

Final Answer:

Both 1 and 2 are correct.