Centrifugal Pumps — General Characteristics Which of the following statements about centrifugal pumps is correct?

Introduction:
Centrifugal pumps dominate water supply and process services because they handle large flows smoothly and compactly. Comparing them with reciprocating pumps clarifies typical application domains and performance differences.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Standard single-stage centrifugal pump at its best efficiency region.
• Conventional single-acting reciprocating pump for comparison.
• Water-like liquids; steady-state operation assumptions.

Concept / Approach:
Centrifugal pumps produce head through dynamic action and are best for moderate to low head with large discharge. They are compact, need simpler foundations, and deliver near-pulsation-free flow. Reciprocating pumps excel at high heads and low flows with higher mechanical efficiency but require heavier foundations and produce pulsating discharge.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Relate flow/head domain: centrifugal → large Q, small–moderate H.Assess installation: centrifugal → smaller footprint, simpler baseplate.Compare efficiencies: reciprocating often higher peak efficiency; centrifugal lower but adequate and more practical for big Q.

Verification / Alternative check:
Industry selection charts and textbooks state these comparative traits consistently.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Each individual statement a–c is true; therefore “all of the above” is the most complete correct choice.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming centrifugal pumps are always more efficient; at very low flow/high head, reciprocating machines may win.

Final Answer:
all of the above