In data modeling, which situations typically require using ID-dependent (identifying) entities whose primary keys include the parent’s key?

Introduction / Context:
ID-dependent (identifying) entities are entities whose primary key includes the primary key of a parent entity. This modeling pattern expresses strong ownership and ensures a child cannot exist without its parent. It is useful in several recurring scenarios in logical design.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• An identifying relationship implies the child’s PK includes the parent’s PK.
• We consider association entities, multivalued attributes, and archetype/instance structures.
• The target is a relational schema derived from an ER/EER model.

Concept / Approach:
Association (intersection) entities in many-to-many relationships often use a composite PK built from the parent PKs, making them ID-dependent on both parents. Multivalued attributes become separate child entities keyed by the parent's key plus a discriminator, thus ID-dependent. Archetype/instance patterns may use an identifying relationship to tie instances to their archetype via a composite identifier.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Attempt to define the child without the parent key; if uniqueness breaks or orphan rows become possible, ID-dependence is indicated.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Options a/b/c each name a valid use, but not exclusively. The pattern applies to all of them.
• None of the above: Incorrect, as the scenarios listed are classic uses.

Common Pitfalls:
Overusing surrogate keys and losing the identifying tie. Even with a surrogate, keep a UNIQUE constraint on the natural identifying columns to preserve semantics.

Final Answer:
All of the above use ID dependent entities