In Ethernet-based LANs, which device regenerates and forwards electrical signals to extend or interconnect segments without interpreting frames?

Introduction / Context:
Local networks use different devices at different layers. Some work at the physical layer to extend cable length by regenerating signals; others inspect frames at the data link layer to segment collision domains. Knowing which device merely copies signals is key for design and troubleshooting.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Ethernet signaling may degrade over distance.
• We need a device that operates purely at the physical layer.

Concept / Approach:
A repeater regenerates and re-times electrical (or optical) signals, forwarding them to another segment without examining MAC addresses or frame contents. It extends reach but does not reduce collisions or filter traffic. Bridges and switches operate at Layer 2 and make forwarding decisions based on MAC addresses; hubs are essentially multiport repeaters but still work at the physical layer within one collision domain.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Standards and textbooks define hubs as multiport repeaters; however, the canonical single device that copies electrical signals between Ethernet segments is the repeater. Bridges learn MAC addresses and forward selectively, which is more than just copying signals.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Bridge: reads frames and filters/forwards based on MAC, not mere signal copying.
• Hub: multiport repeater inside one shared segment; the generic answer asked is “repeater.”
• Passive hub: provides wiring concentration without regenerating signals.
• None: incorrect because a repeater exists for this exact purpose.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing bridges/switches with repeaters; assuming hubs extend separate segments (they extend the same collision domain); overlooking that repeaters do not manage congestion or errors at higher layers.

Final Answer:
Repeater