Drying behavior of refractories: which brick type typically undergoes the maximum linear shrinkage upon drying from the as-formed (green) state?

Introduction / Context:
Dimensional stability during drying is critical for refractory manufacturing yield and for on-site repairs using plastic or rammed mixes. Shrinkage is influenced by water content, clay/binder fraction, particle packing, and the development of capillary stresses as moisture evaporates. This question seeks the brick type most prone to drying shrinkage.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Fireclay bricks contain significant clay-bonding phases with water demand.
• Basic bricks (magnesite, chromite, dolomite) are often chemically bonded or pitch/tar-bonded with lower free water in finished shapes.
• Drying refers to room to moderate temperatures before firing.

Concept / Approach:
Drying shrinkage mainly arises from the removal of physically bound water and the collapse/realignment of clay platelets and fine pores. Fireclay bricks, with a higher proportion of clay minerals and finer particles, show greater green-bond water content and thus greater shrinkage upon drying. In contrast, tar-bonded dolomite and other basic bricks typically have lower water contents or different binders, resulting in less drying shrinkage.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Compare binder systems: clay-bonded (fireclay) vs. pitch/tar/chemical bonds (basic bricks).Relate water demand to shrinkage: more water → more capillary effects → more shrinkage.Infer that fireclay bricks exhibit the highest drying shrinkage.

Verification / Alternative check:
Manufacturing data routinely report higher green and drying shrinkage for clay-bonded refractories compared to tar-bonded dolomite or pitch-bonded magnesite products, supporting the selection.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Tar-bonded dolomite: minimal free water → lower shrinkage.Magnesite and chromite bricks: coarser aggregates and non-clay binders → lower shrinkage.SiC bricks: typically bonded differently and show low drying shrinkage.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing firing shrinkage (at high temperature) with drying shrinkage; mechanisms differ.Assuming all refractories behave like ceramic clays; binder systems vary widely.

Final Answer:
Fireclay bricks