ODBC request flow When using ODBC, which component translates ODBC calls into DBMS-specific operations and submits SQL to the target data source?

Introduction / Context:
The ODBC architecture is layered for portability. Applications call a standard API, the Driver Manager routes calls to the correct Driver, and the driver converts those calls into the native protocol and SQL dialect of the DBMS behind a particular data source.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We are distinguishing the roles of Driver Manager vs Driver.
• The data source identifies the target database plus connection details.
• The DBMS ultimately executes SQL after translation.

Concept / Approach:

The Driver implements the ODBC specification for a specific DBMS. It receives ODBC API requests (via the Driver Manager), translates them to DBMS-native calls and SQL, handles protocol nuances, submits statements, and marshals results back to ODBC structures. The Driver Manager merely dispatches and coordinates; it does not translate SQL.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

ODBC reference diagrams consistently place translation duties in the Driver layer; the Driver Manager focuses on routing and configuration.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• A: A data source is configuration, not an active component.
• C: The Driver Manager dispatches, not translates.
• D: The DBMS executes but does not implement the ODBC API.
• E: Network hardware is outside the ODBC logical model.

Common Pitfalls:

• Mistaking the Driver Manager for the component that rewrites SQL.
• Assuming the driver hides all dialect differences; some SQL still needs adjustments.

Final Answer:

Driver.