Filing Techniques — Name the Method When the File Is Moved To and Fro Across the Work In bench fitting, what is the common term for the technique where the file is pushed forward and pulled back repeatedly over the job surface (across the width)?

Introduction / Context:
Filing operations are basic to bench work. Recognizing filing methods improves productivity and surface quality. Two commonly taught techniques are cross filing and draw filing, each suited to different finish and flatness requirements.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• A standard single- or double-cut hand file is used with a handle.
• Operator moves the file forward and back in strokes over the surface.
• Objective: material removal and general flatness, not ultra-fine finishing.

Concept / Approach:
Cross filing refers to pushing the file across the work with successive normal strokes and often using a criss-cross pattern to average out high spots. Draw filing, by contrast, involves holding the file across the work and drawing it lengthwise toward oneself to create a finer surface finish with shallow cutting action. The question’s “to and fro” strokes describe cross filing practice, not the lateral draw technique.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify motion: repeated forward and backward strokes along the file’s length.Relate to method: that is characteristic of cross filing for bulk removal and shaping.Therefore, the correct choice is “cross filing”.

Verification / Alternative check:
Workshop manuals classify draw filing as lateral strokes with the file held sideways; not the same as the to-and-fro strokes described.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Draw filing uses side-to-side motion for smooth finish.“Pull and push filing” is an informal phrase and not the standard term.Lathe filing is done on rotating work, not bench work.

Common Pitfalls:
Using excessive pressure on the return stroke; lift slightly on the return to prevent dulling and chatter.

Final Answer:
cross filing