In electromagnetic coupling between two circuits, what is the correct term for the effect where magnetic flux produced by one circuit links and cuts the conductors of the other circuit, inducing a voltage?

Introduction / Context:
When two circuits are magnetically coupled, changes in current in the first generate magnetic flux that links the second. This linkage causes an induced voltage in the second circuit according to Faraday’s law. The phenomenon is fundamental to transformers, inductive sensors, and many communication systems.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Two nearby coils or conductors.
• Time-varying current in the primary circuit.
• Magnetic flux from the primary links the secondary.

Concept / Approach:
Mutual inductance M quantifies the amount of induced voltage in one circuit due to a time-varying current in the other: v2 = M * di1/dt (sign depending on polarity). High mutual inductance occurs with tight coupling, high permeability cores, and geometries that maximize shared flux.

Step-by-Step Explanation:
Primary current changes → magnetic flux varies in the core/space.Portion of this flux links the secondary turns.Linked flux changing in time induces voltage in the secondary (Faraday’s law).This cross-circuit effect is called mutual inductance.

Verification / Alternative check:
In a transformer, open-circuit secondary voltage scales with turns ratio. The very existence of a predictable induced secondary voltage demonstrates strong mutual inductance between windings on a common core.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Self-inductance: Induced voltage within the same circuit due to its own current change.
• Rectification: Conversion of AC to DC using nonlinear devices.
• Magnetism: A broad term, not the specific coupling mechanism.
• Eddy-coupling: Not a standard term; eddy currents are loss mechanisms, not the desired coupling.

Common Pitfalls:

• Confusing mutual inductance with leakage flux (flux that does not link the other circuit).
• Ignoring orientation and spacing; poor alignment reduces M strongly.

Final Answer:
mutual inductance